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Raspberry pi logo |
The
Raspberry Pi is a series of
credit card-sized
single-board computers developed in the
United Kingdom by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic
computer science in schools and in
developing countries. The original model became far more popular than anticipated,
selling outside of its target market for uses such as robotics.
Accessories including keyboards, mice and cases are not included with
the Raspberry Pi. Some accessories however have been included in several
official and unofficial bundles.
In February 2016, the Raspberry Pi Foundation announced that they had
sold eight million devices (for all models combined), making it the
best-selling UK
personal computer, ahead of the
Amstrad PCW.
Sales reached ten million in September 2016.
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Model Pi 3 |
Overview:
Several generations of Raspberry Pis have been released. The first generation (
Raspberry Pi 1 Model B) was released in February 2012. It was followed by a simpler and inexpensive model
Model A. In 2014, the foundation released a board with an improved design in
Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+. The model laid the current "mainline" form-factor. Improved A+ and B+ models were released a year later. A cut down
"compute module" was released in April 2014, and a
Raspberry Pi Zero with smaller size and limited
input/output (I/O) and
general-purpose input/output (GPIO) abilities was released in November 2015 for US$5. The
Raspberry Pi 2 which added more RAM was released in February 2015.
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B released in February 2016 is bundled with on-board
WiFi and
Bluetooth. As of December 2016,
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is the newest mainline Raspberry Pi. These boards are priced between US$5–35.
All models feature a
Broadcom system on a chip (SoC), which includes an
ARM compatible
central processing unit (CPU) and an on chip
graphics processing unit (GPU, a
VideoCore IV). CPU speed ranges from 700 MHz to 1.2 GHz for the Pi 3 and on board memory range from 256 MB to 1 GB RAM.
Secure Digital
(SD) cards are used to store the operating system and program memory in
either the SDHC or MicroSDHC sizes. Most boards have between one and
four USB slots,
HDMI and
composite video
output, and a 3.5 mm phone jack for audio. Lower level output is
provided by a number of GPIO pins which support common protocols like
I²C. The B-models have an
8P8C Ethernet port and the Pi 3 has on board Wi-Fi 802.11n and
Bluetooth.
The Foundation provides
Raspbian, a Debian-based
Linux distribution for download, as well as third party
Ubuntu,
Windows 10 IOT Core,
RISC OS, and specialised
media center distributions. It promotes
Python and
Scratch as the main programming language, with support for many other languages. The default
firmware is
closed source, while an unofficial
open source is available.
Hardware:
The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that
feature variations in memory capacity and peripheral-device support.
This block diagram depicts Models A, B, A+, and B+. Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero lack the
Ethernet and
USB
hub components. The Ethernet adapter is internally connected to an
additional USB port. In Model A, A+, and the PI Zero, the USB port is
connected directly to the
system on a chip
(SoC). On the Pi 1 Model B+ and later models the USB/Ethernet chip
contains a five-point USB hub, of which four ports are available, while
the Pi 1 Model B only provides two. On the Pi Zero, the USB port is also
connected directly to the SoC, but it uses a micro USB (OTG) port.
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